HORRIPILANT

Roger hadn't given up on the idea of changing the future and eliminating the serial killer from their lives. He knew about human imperfection and the existence of the matrix where the human lives. There is something worse... An error in human design that puts you at a disadvantage with other terrestrial and non-terrestrial species. When someone affirms in a conversation: "The Human Body is the most perfect machine that has ever been created" the most common reaction of the rest of the people is to totally agree. The Greeks were obsessed with the mathematically perfect body. Unfortunately, for anyone who pursues that ideal, we were not designed by Pygmalion, the mythical sculptor of flawless women, but rather designed by MacGyver. Evolution has built our bodies out of the biological equivalent of zip ties and bits of wood. And the only way to refine the shape (other than getting hit by a meteor or having a nuclear explosion to start from scratch) is to make the MacGyver on the current model. That's fixing it in some unconventional way. According to Alan Mann, physical anthropologist at Princeton University: Evolution does not produce perfection…It produces function With this in mind, and from a survey of anatomists and biologists with the aim of compiling a list of deficiencies (like before buying a house); the following list of defects appeared for them. A Flimsy Backbone Our spine is a mess. It's a miracle we can walk, says Bruce Latimer; director of the Center for Human Origins at Cleveland Reserve University. When our ancestors went on all fours, their vertebral columns arched, like a bow, to support the weight of the organs suspended below. But then we got up. we stand up That caused the system to change to 90 degrees, and the spine was forced to become a column. Later, to allow bipedalism, it was curved forward at its bottom. And to allow the balance of the head, the upper part was curved in the opposite direction. This change put tremendous pressure on the lower vertebrae, so much so that up to 80% of adults suffer from low back pain. Back to the arch. As Latimer mentions: “Think of your dog from the sacrum to the neck, it's a single arcing curve. This is a great system » Simple. Strong. Pain free. There is only one solution: to keep the weight off our heads, we have to get back on all fours. An Unyielding Knee Take the most complex joint in the body and put it in the middle of two large levers (the femur and tibia) and you're in trouble. The thing is, our knee only rotates in two directions: forwards and backwards. "That is the reason why any great sport, with the exception perhaps of rugby, makes it necessary to attack an opponent's knee from the side" Replace this hinge with a ball joint, like on the hips and shoulders. We have never developed this type of knee joint "because we have never needed it, we had not thought about football" Too Narrow Pelvis Giving birth hurts. And to further compound this pain, the width of the female pelvis has not changed in the last 200,000 years, preventing our brains from growing any further. The obvious one is to widen the pelvis, but technologists are working on a better solution. I would wager that in 10,000 years, or even 1,000, no woman in the developed world will give birth naturally. A clinic will combine the sperm and egg and we will pick up the baby later Exposed Testicles The male reproductive organs hang rather vulnerable outside the body. Moving the testicles inward would prevent men from the pain of a kick in them. But before doing this, we would first have to modify the sperm, says Gordon Gallup, an evolutionary psychologist at the State University of New York at Albany. The testicles, unlike the ovaries, were placed outside the body, in the cool, because the sperm must be kept at a temperature of about 16 degrees below body temperature. Gallup says those low temperatures keep the sperm relatively inactive until it enters the warm confines of the vagina, at which point the sperm begin the race to fertilize the egg. This little trick of evolution prevents sperm from wearing out too early. With which, according to Gallup, the algorithm must be changed. Let's keep the sperm at body temperature and make the vagina warmer than it already is. And by the way, there is no need to make new designs, we can take the example of elephants as a prototype. Closed Teeth Humans typically had three molars on each side of the lower and upper jaw, near from the back of our mouth. As our brains drastically grew, the jawbone became wider and shorter, leaving no room for the third molar (wisdom tooth), here's why its appearance is so painful. At some point they appeared to disappear (25% of people are born without some or all of their third molars). In the meantime, we've refined the technique of how to extract them safely, a technique that probably couldn't have been invented without those bigger brains. Meandering Arteries Blood flows through your extremities through a main artery, which mainly enters through the anterior part, through the biceps and waist flexors. To supply blood to the tissues on the back of our extremities, such as the triceps, the artery branches, taking routes around the bones and joining the nerves. This plumbing solution for some can be a major glitch. In the elbow, for example, one of the branches of the artery meets the ulnar nerve, which animates our little finger, just under the skin. Here is the reason why our arm falls asleep when we tap ourselves with the humerus. It feeds a second artery at the back of each leg and each arm, says Rui Diogo of Howard University in Washington DC. This extra piping would provide a more direct route from the shoulder to the back of the hand, thus preventing the veins and nerves from being so close to the skin. An Upside Down Retina The photoreceptor cells in the retina of our eye are like backward-pointing microphones, writes Nathan Lents of the City University of New York. This design forces light to travel through the entire space of each cell, blood and tissue, to reach the receptor on the other side of the cell. This configuration encourages the retina to detach from its supporting tissue, one of the main causes of blindness. It also creates a blind spot where the fibers from the cells, the microphone wires, converge on the optic nerve, causing the brain to fill in that hole. Like octopus or squid, let's rotate the retina. A Stray Nerve The Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve plays a vital role in our ability to speak and swallow. It transmits instructions from the brain to the muscles of the voice box, or larynx, below the vocal cords. In theory this trip should be a fast trip. But during fetal development, this nerve coils with a small bundle of neck tissue that descends to become veins near the heart. This causes the nerve to have to go around the aorta to go back up to the larynx. Having this nerve in your chest makes it quite vulnerable during surgeries or during a fight. According to Rebecca Z. German, "This is easy." While a baby is in the womb, let's develop a technique so that it doesn't wrap around the tissues and go down to the breast. A Poorly Done Voice Box The trachea (air pipe) and esophagus (food pipe) open at the same place, the pharynx, which extends from the nose and mouth into the larynx. To keep food out of the windpipe, a small leaf-shaped door called the epiglottis reflexively covers the opening of the larynx when we swallow. But sometimes, the epiglottis is not so fast. If you're talking and laughing while you eat, food can slide down and clog your airways, causing you to choke. This time we can look at the whales, whose larynx is located in their air holes. According to German, if we moved the larynx towards our nose, we would have two independent tubes. Yes, it sure is that we would lose our ability to speak. But we could still communicate with songs, as whales do with the vibrations of our nostrils. Our Inefficient Brain The human brain evolved in stages. As new additions were built, the older parts had to stay online to keep us up and running. And this direct construction led to taking numerous "alternative routes." It's as if the brain is a dysfunctional workplace, where younger employees (the forebrain) handle modern technologies like language, while veterans (the midbrain and limbic brain) keep an eye on memory and the memory box. the fuses in the basement. Some results: depression, madness, memory we can't trust. On this last point, I mention words from a book called "The Idiot Brain" by Neuroscientist Dean Burnet: "Why do you lose arguments with people who know MUCH LESS than you? Why is he able to recognize that woman he met that time... but he can't remember her name? Why, after your last sentimental breakup, did you spend several days in a row On the sofa, curled up in a ball, and without moving more than his hand to wipe the tears from his face in any way? Here's why: because of the idiocy of our brains. For something supposedly so brilliant and evolutionarily advanced, the human brain is pretty messy, fallible, and disorganized. For example, do you know that your memory is selfish? Really. And that conspiracy theories and superstitions are the inevitable consequence of a healthy brain? And that alcohol can even enhance our memory? In "The Idiot Brain", neuroscientist Dean Burnett guides us on this visit to the labyrinths of our mysterious and mischievous gray matter (and those of the white one too). Along the way, he explains the imperfections of the human brain in all their glory and how they influence everything we say, do and experience. Based on the studies of leading experts in the field and written in a very entertaining style, this book is perfect for anyone who has ever wondered why their brain seems hell-bent on sabotaging life and what the hell is in there.